MUHAMMAD AZIZUL RAHMAN BIN RODUAN Essays - Zoos, Apoikozoa, Filozoa

MUHAMMAD AZIZUL RAHMAN BIN RODUAN MC 160100277 Impact of Cell Phones on People: Pros and Cons Over the years, the world has witnessed a booming number of cell phones. They are dramatically changing the way people contact, communicate, interact or socialize with each other. It is apparent that cell phone has had a profound influence on personal lives. However, not all of the impact of them could be positive nor negative, this is because the existent of these multifunctional tools have both pros and cons and the side effect is obviously made or judge based on the user itself. Recently, people who is actually living in this deep world of communication era now days belief that this communication devices has an advantage to bring significant fortune or profit to the agencies, companies and marketers, and whenever this cellular phones become popular, many of the tech user started to recognized that this incredible outstanding devices is qualified as a need for them. As developments in communication continue, cell phone devices become more advance and sophisticated. For example, cellular phones are now equipped with greater multiple functionalities, thus, making these electronic devices essential in the communication system of any businesses. Indeed, cell phones are always connected to the Internet, via a data network, mobile broadband or Wi-Fi connection. However, the very things that make cellular phones so convenient and useful are the same things that can stop user in their tracks with a dead battery. The more application and programs running in the phone, the more energy it needs to perform. Even though battery life is drain out, cell phones still consider as a source of unlimited entertainment. The things which we never thought would be present in a cellular phone are now possible. Which means cell phones have come into existence which not only helping in making calls but also help out user to stay entertained by allowing the user themselves to play games, listen to music and do lots of other stuff. Although cell phones had a bunch of possibilities to the majority of society there is also a disease came along with it, such as causing a distraction and addiction. It is true that people are now getting a numerous number of advantages from a single high tech cell phone but these communication technologies also have several negative impacts. For example, using cell phones too often could probably be harmful for human's health as it can increase the risk of brain cancer and lacking of face to face communication is also the result of using cell phones. Instead of going out or finding an alternative ways to prevent laziness, many people still prefer to stay at home and use their cell phones to connect to others "online" In conclusion, we can see how cell phone is capable changing our cultures in both good and bad ways. Even though these devices have brought people from different parts of the world closer together, it does not mean it has not alienated the people closest to us. As useful as cellular phones are, it is important to use them accordingly and not make them our lifeline to the outside world. Communication consists of verbal and non-verbal cues and this is what makes us feel close to one another and measure should be taken to ensure this does not stop. Is keeping animals in zoos acceptable? In recent years, zoos are consider as a place where animals from around the world are kept and technically animals are being forced to be taken away from their natural habitat, where there are naturally existing food sources, enemies, and placed inside of a cage that keeps out all of animals which consists of only a small percentage of the naturally occurring flora and fauna to which the animal is accustomed. With no natural predators or food sources to hunt, many animals will lose their natural instincts, which are necessary for survival. This prevents reintegration into the animal kingdom and leaves them sentenced for life in a zoo. However, there is no doubt that zoo's main goal is to ensure that these overall animals were protected from the midst of a global extinction crisis. Not only zoos play a critical role in fighting for wildlife extinction,

I Am Sam Essays

I Am Sam Essays I Am Sam Essay I Am Sam Essay I AM SAM Director: Jessie Nelson Writers: Kristine Johnson,  Jessie Nelson Stars: Sean Penn,  Michelle Pfeiffer,  Dakota Fanning Sheenna Jey O. Corollo BSTM III-1D INTRODUCTION: As a human being, what is a definition of the word parent to you? Is it the amount of intellectual maturity displayed or the level of love given? 1 Is it possible that a mentally challenged man can give the love and care that a child need as they grew up which should a parent give to their child? I Am Sam is a 2001 American  drama film  written and directed by Jessie Nelson. Jessie Nelson and  Kristine Johnson, who co-wrote the screenplay, researched the issues facing adults with developmental disabilities by visiting the non-profit organization L. A. Goal (Greater Opportunities for the Advanced Living). They subsequently cast two actors with disabilities, Brad Silverman and Joe Rosenberg, in key roles. For his role as Sam, Penn was nominated for the  Academy Award for Best Actor  at the74th Academy Awards  in 2002. The movies title is named for the line Sam I am featured in the book  Green Eggs and Ham, which is read in the movie. Sam Dawson (Sean Penn) is a man with special needs who fights to regain the custody of his seven-year-old daughter Lucy Diamond Dawson (Dakota Fanning) which named after the famous Beatles song Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds. 3 Although Lucys mother, a homeless woman, leaves right after Lucy is born, Sam never gives up. He works as janitor at Starbucks and with help from an agoraphobic neighbour Annie Cassell (Dianne Wiest), he’s doing fine. Sam also gets some help from an entourage of retarded pals, and all goes along pretty well until Lucy, at age seven, begins to surpass Sam’s intellectual ability. The Family Protective Services take Lucy away on her 7th birthday which Sam has a birthday surprise to her. Sam gets intense lawyer Rita Harrison (Michelle Pfeiffer) to help him and soon enough, she learns from Sam to take time to smell the roses and play with her own son. I Am Sam  makes a compelling argument that love is the most important ingredient in raising a child and Sam shows that even a mentally challenged individuals are definitely capable of giving love, that love brings people together, including, sometimes, apparent enemies. 1 retrieved from contactmusic. om/movie-review/iamsam 2 Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, n. d. ,  http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/I_Am_Sam, (accessed  26 February 2013 at 17:54) 3 The Beatles, â€Å"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds†, Sgt Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, writ. Paul McCartney, 1 June 1967 PLOT SYNOPSIS: Sean Penn stars in the movie as Sam Dawson, a mentally handicapped man who gets a homeless girl pregnant. The movie opens with Sam rushing from work at Starbucks to the hospital where the young woman gives birth. The woman runs away, however, just as they are carrying the baby out of the hospital. With help from a reclusive piano teacher who lives in a nearby apartment, Sam takes care of the baby, whom he names Lucy Diamond Dawson, after the famous Beatles song Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds. The Beatles, it seems, are often on Sam’s mind. Their songs provide a reference point for his life. Another touch point are the regular video nights that Sam and his mentally handicapped male friends hold, and their regular visits to the local IHOP pancake restaurant. As Lucy grows up, it becomes clear that Sam’s mental deficiencies are holding her back, especially when Lucy starts going to school. In one scene, as Lucy reads a book with her father, Lucy pretends that she doesn’t know a word because she doesn’t want her father to look stupid. Sam, however, tells her that she is not stupid and that she should know that word. Nevertheless, Lucy’s school gets government social workers involved in Sam and Lucy’s case. They take Lucy away from Sam. Sam meets a rich lawyer named Rita Harrison, played by Michelle Pfeiffer. He’s inspired to hire her by the Beatles song about lovely Rita, meter maid4 and because her last name is Harrison, like the Beatle guitarist George Harrison, but Rita the lawyer wants nothing to do with Sam’s case. Rita is a troubled, impatient woman wrapped up in the money she earns from her work. Unlike Sam, Rita has strained relations with her own child, a young boy. Also, her husband apparently is cheating on her. When the other lawyers at work snicker at Rita’s mercenary approach to the legal profession, Rita decides to take on Sam’s case pro bono, for free. This begins a series of ups and downs as Sam fights to regain custody of his beautiful, intelligent daughter. 5 4 Beatles, â€Å"Lovely Rita†, Sgt Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, writ. Paul McCartney, 1 June 1967 5 Robert Shaye, Movie guide Magazine, n. d. ,   cbn. com/entertainment/screen/movie-Iamsam. aspx, (accessed  3 March 2013) CONCLUSION: I can say that I Am Sam is a must watch movie especially to those who under estimate the mentally challenged man. It shows the real value of love and a father-daughter relationship, not only to your love ones but most especially what our parents had done for us. Sam Dawson only shows that despite of his disability, he can support and take good care of his very own daughter. Like what Lucy say, â€Å"All I need is love†6 which means she doesn’t want anything but the love of her daddy. The real love who can only give to her is her father. She is contented of what she has and not asks for more. As a human being, we should learn to be contented and be sure not to waste the love given to us because once you throw it away, you will never have that and regret it. As Sam told Lucy â€Å"always set your dreams high†7 is one of the line in the movie that marked in my mind. There is no harm for dreaming high. As soon as your dream is high, you are attaining for the best that you could. The time will come that you never know you already achieved your dream. Sean Penn definitely played a very outstanding role as Sam Dawson. He can be a role model not only for the one’s who has mental disabilities but for each and every one. He is really a good father for Lucy. I can say that when Sam told Rita – â€Å"I have had a lot of time to think it, think about what it is, that makes somebody a good parent, and its about a constant scene, and its about patience; and its about listening; and its about, nd its about pretending to listen, even when you cant listen anymore; and its about a love like she said. â€Å"8 A good parent will do everything just to show his/her child that he/she is right, to never broke the trust between the two of you. Like a father and daughter, â€Å"It takes one to know one†9 which means Only a person with identical character traits would be able to rec ognize those traits in someone else. Often used as a curt rejoinder to deflect an accusation; youre only saying that about me because its true of you. Originated in the late nineteenth or early twentieth century. 10 I Am Sam  is a heartbreakingly sad and touching movie. For me it is one of the best movies I watched. It is ultimately inspiring and hopeful. Sam Dawson only proves that â€Å"It is clear that one’s intellectual capacity has no bearing on their ability to love†. 11 6 I Am Sam. Dir. Jessie Nelson. Perf. Lucy Dawson. 2001. DVD. The Bedford Falls Company, 2001. 7 I Am Sam. Dir. Jessie Nelson. Perfs. Sam Dawson, Lucy Dawson. 2001. DVD. The Bedford Falls Company, 2001. 8 I Am Sam. Dir. Jessie Nelson. Perfs. Sam Dawson, Rita Harrison Williams. 2001. DVD. The Bedford Falls Company, 2001. 9 I Am Sam. Dir. Jessie Nelson. Perfs. Lucy Dawson, Conner Rhodes. 2001. DVD. The Bedford Falls Company, 2001. 10 Gregory Y. Titelman, Random House Dictionary of Popular Proverbs and Sayings, (Random House, New York, 1996) 11 I Am Sam. Dir. Jessie Nelson. Perf. Mr. Turner. 2001. DVD. The Bedford Falls Company, 2001. As for the emotional sentiments expressed in the movie, they are based on a moral worldview that is inspiring rather than syrupy. In fact, at one point, Sam prays to God for help. Although the help that God provides at that moment in the story does not last, and Sam and Lucy must go through further trials and tribulations, the movie ends on an incredibly uplifting note. Thus, God does eventually completely answer Sam’s prayer after all, but in an unexpected, redemptive way that not even Sam’s lawyer, Rita, could predict. In the end, an unexpected turn of events resolves Sam and Lucy’s problems and love brings nearly everyone together in the movie’s final wonderful scene.

Marketing Research - Individual Data Analysis Report Paper

Marketing - Individual Data Analysis Report - Research Paper Example Marketing research objectives are specific precise pieces of information that the researcher aims to find. The objectives culminate to address the marketing management problem (McDaniel & Gates, 1998). Context A very popular TV channel, NBN wants to introduce a new show in the market. For this the company is conducting a market research on the attitude of consumers’ towards reality TV. A set of 6 market research objectives have been set. Methodology of the market research Focus groups were used for qualitative analysis. Focus groups discussion is a qualitative research technique in which a group of 6 to 10 people spend 1-2 hours discussing their opinions in an informal and relaxed setting (Boyce, 2009). The focus groups conversation was monitored by an independent individual and the conversation recorded and the transcript was used for further analysis. For quantitative analysis, a survey questionnaire was used. The survey questionnaire was administered to a total of 300 respo ndents. The questionnaire covered the demographic profiles of the respondents where they were asked to share their gender and age. Respondents were asked to respond to a set of 12 questions on a Likert scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree. These questions covered the attitude of viewers to reality TV shows. Quantitative Analysis This section covers the quantitative analysis to all the six MROs as analysed with the data from the survey respondent. Demographics The first step in performing quantitative analysis is to understand the demographics of the respondents. In terms of gender, majority of the respondents were females. The table below shows the same: Majority of the respondents were in the age group 18 – 25. It is interesting to note that there are about 21.33 % (a total of 64) respondents who are below the age group of 18 and may watch reality TV shows. In terms of popularity, Big-Boss was the most popular show as the favourite show amongst the respondents. The table below shows the frequency of respondents for their reality TV show preference: Relationship between connecting with participants and enjoyment of reality TV shows Both the variables, connection with the participants as well as enjoyment of reality TV shows are responded by the respondents in a Likert scale. Both are nominal data. To establish relationship between such variables, the appropriate test is the chi-square test (Levin & Rubin, 2009). Null Hypothesis: There is no relationship in the consumers feeling connected to the participants and the enjoyment of reality TV shows Alternate Hypothesis: There is a significant relationship in the consumers feeling connected to the participants and the enjoyment of reality TV shows Statistical Implication The table below gives the chi-square output for the two variables: The calculated value of chi-square statistic between two variables is 17.478 with degrees of freedom for the test as 16. Since the Sig. value (0.355) is more than t he critical value of 0.05, we can conclude that there is no significant relationship in the consumers feeling connected to the participants and the enjoyment of reality TV shows. Business implication There is no relationship between people feeling connected to the participants and their enjoyment level. Producers hence interested to create and launch a reality TV show can select participants to whom, people might not feel

The First Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The First Principles - Essay Example By stating different people in trade, I. e butcher, brewer, and baker, smith was expressing principles of division of labor and specialization in trade. All the mentioned personnel’s play a role in production that ends up satisfying the consumers’ needs of their products. Smith was sensitive of the mutual gains expected by both the producer and the consumer. He expresses the gains obtained by both parties when he considered that the produces has own interest in the trade that lead them to produce their products regardless of who will purchase their goods. This in return helps in solving the consumers’ needs of supply. The consumer on the other hand has little regard to whom produced the product, to them availability of supplies take centre of interest. Thus, both the producer and the consumer benefit in the end. The producer is at will to produce their products based on their area of interest. This is influenced by the advantages one gets from trade rather than on what the other person does. The producer thus enjoys freedom of trade even in the congested market since they do not produce out of compassion but out of gains obtained from

How can we see architecture as a form or median that merges humanity Thesis

How can we see architecture as a form or median that merges humanity and nature - Thesis Example 122). Since time immemorial, several societies of the world have been known to honor sculptures and other forms of architectural designs as their gods; the Chinese and ancient Japanese societies being the best point of reference. As a matter of fact, their places of worship had specific architectural designs. This was evidence enough of the close relationship that existed between architecture and humanity (Brebbia, 2012, p. 71). Before the World War I, architectural designs were not necessarily buildings. Monuments stood in large cities and significant laces like museums and attraction sites. They added to the beauty of sceneries and made nature admirable. That notwithstanding, these designs reminded people of the significance of nature and. They were also a direct reminder of the fact that nature ought to be protected by humanity. For this reason, people remained connected with nature courtesy of the architectural designs of the times. The warm relationship between nature and architecture began deteriorating after the Second World War and the cold war that came thereafter. The Great Depression of the United States of America also contributed to the degradation of the closeness that existed between nature and architecture. People were more oriented to business and improving their economic statuses as opposed to observing the importance of nature. Every architectural design began to take the direction of business. The architectural designs of this period and periods that followed were therefore no longer associated with neither nature nor humanity but how people would get money out of them. This then marked the beginning of the disconnection between nature, humanity and architecture. Humanity and nature have lost connection and this can be seen from the early periods of romanticism in which there was a protest against the impending scientific rationalization of nature. This was dated to the 18th century

Crystal Field Theory Versus Valence Bond Theory Engineering Essay

Crystal Field Theory Versus Valence Bond Theory Engineering Essay Crystal field theory is a model that describes the electronic structure of transition metal compounds, all of which can be considered coordination complexes. CFT successfully accounts for some magnetic properties, colours, hydration enthalpies, and spinel structures of transition metal complexes, but it does not attempt to describe bonding. CFT was developed by physicists Hans Bethe and John Hasbrouck van VlecK in the 1930s. CFT was subsequently combined with molecular orbital theory to form the more realistic and complex ligand field theory (LFT), which delivers insight into the process of chemical bonding in transition metal complexes. In the ionic CFT, it is assumed that the ions are simple point charges. When applied to alkali metal ions containing a symmetric sphere of charge, calculations of energies are generally quite successful. The approach taken uses classical potential energy equations that take into account the attractive and repulsive interactions between charged particles (that is, Coulombs Law interactions). Electrostatic Potential is proportional to q1 * q2/r where q1 and q2 are the charges of the interacting ions and r is the distance separating them. This leads to the correct prediction that large cations of low charge, such as K+ and Na+, should form few coordination compounds. For transition metal cations that contain varying numbers of d electrons in orbitals that are NOT spherically symmetric, however, the situation is quite different. The shape and occupation of these d-orbitals then becomes important in an accurate description of the bond energy and properties of the transition metal compound According to CFT, the interaction between a transition metal and ligands arises from the attraction between the positively charged metal cation and negative charge on the non-bonding electrons of the ligand. The theory is developed by considering energy changes of the five degenerate d-orbitals upon being surrounded by an array of point charges consisting of the ligands. As a ligand approaches the metal ion, the electrons from the ligand will be closer to some of the d-orbitals and farther away from others causing a loss of degeneracy. The electrons in the d-orbitals and those in the ligand repel each other due to repulsion between like charges. Thus the d-electrons closer to the ligands will have a higher energy than those further away which results in the d-orbitals splitting in energy. This splitting is affected by the following factors:- 1. The nature of the metal ion. 2. The metals oxidation state. A higher oxidation state leads to a larger splitting. 3. The arrangement of the ligands around the metal ion. 4. The nature of the ligands surrounding the metal ion. The stronger the effect of the ligands then the greater the difference between the high and low energy 3d groups. The most common type of complex is octahedral; here six ligands form an octahedron around the metal ion. In octahedral symmetry the d-orbitals split into two sets with an energy difference, Άoct (the crystal-field splitting parameter) where the dxy, dxz and dyz orbitals will be lower in energy than the dz2 and dx2-y2, which will have higher energy, because the former group are farther from the ligands than the latter and therefore experience less repulsion. The three lower-energy orbitals are collectively referred to as t2g, and the two higher-energy orbitals as eg. (These labels are based on the theory of molecular symmetry). Typical orbital energy diagrams are given below in the section High-spin and low-spin. Tetrahedral complexes are the second most common type; here four ligands form a tetrahedron around the metal ion. In a tetrahedral crystal field splitting the d-orbitals again split into two groups, with an energy difference of Άtet where the lower energy orbitals will be dz2 and dx2-y2, and the higher energy orbitals will be dxy, dxz and dyz opposite to the octahedral case. Furthermore, since the ligand electrons in tetrahedral symmetry are not oriented directly towards the d-orbitals, the energy splitting will be lower than in the octahedral case. Square planar and other complex geometries can also be described by CFT. The size of the gap Ά between the two or more sets of orbitals depends on several factors, including the ligands and geometry of the complex. Some ligands always produce a small value of Ά, while others always give a large splitting. The reasons behind this can be explained by ligand field theory. The spectrochemical series is an empirically-derived list of ligands ordered by the size of the splitting Ά that they produce (small Ά to large Ά; see also this table): Ià ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The oxidation state of the metal also contributes to the size of Ά between the high and low energy levels. As the oxidation state increases for a given metal, the magnitude of Ά increases. A V3+ complex will have a larger Ά than a V2+ complex for a given set of ligands, as the difference in charge density allows the ligands to be closer to a V3+ ion than to a V2+ ion. The smaller distance between the ligand and the metal ion results in a larger Ά, because the ligand and metal electrons are closer together and therefore repel more. High-spin and low-spin [Fe(NO2)6]3à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ crystal field diagram Ligands which cause a large splitting Ά of the d- orbitals are referred to as strong-field ligands, such as CNà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and CO from the spectrochemical series. In complexes with these ligands, it is unfavourable to put electrons into the high energy orbitals. Therefore, the lower energy orbitals are completely filled before population of the upper sets starts according to the Aufbau principle. Complexes such as this are called low spin. For example, NO2à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ is a strong-field ligand and produces a large Ά. The octahedral ion [Fe(NO2)6]3à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, which has 5 d-electrons, would have the octahedral splitting diagram shown at right with all five electrons in the t2g level. [FeBr6]3à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ crystal field diagram Conversely, ligands (like Ià ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and Brà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢) which cause a small splitting Ά of the d-orbitals are referred to as weak-field ligands. In this case, it is easier to put electrons into the higher energy set of orbitals than it is to put two into the same low-energy orbital, because two electrons in the same orbital repel each other. So, one electron is put into each of the five d-orbitals before any pairing occurs in accord with Hunds rule and high spin complexes are formed. For example, Brà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ is a weak-field ligand and produces a small Άoct. So, the ion [FeBr6]3à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, again with five d-electrons, would have an octahedral splitting diagram where all five orbitals are singly occupied. In order for low spin splitting to occur, the energy cost of placing an electron into an already singly occupied orbital must be less than the cost of placing the additional electron into an eg orbital at an energy cost of Ά. As noted above, eg refers to the dz2 and dx2-y2 which are higher in energy than the t2g in octahedral complexes. If the energy required to pair two electrons is greater than the energy cost of placing an electron in an eg, Ά, high spin splitting occurs. The crystal field splitting energy for tetrahedral metal complexes (four ligands) is referred to as Άtet, and is roughly equal to 4/9Άoct (for the same metal and same ligands). Therefore, the energy required to pair two electrons is typically higher than the energy required for placing electrons in the higher energy orbitals. Thus, tetrahedral complexes are usually high-spin. The use of these splitting diagrams can aid in the prediction of the magnetic properties of coordination compounds. A compound that has unpaired electrons in its splitting diagram will be paramagnetic and will be attracted by magnetic fields, while a compound that lacks unpaired electrons in its splitting diagram will be diamagnetic and will be weakly repelled by a magnetic field. Crystal field stabilization energy The crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) is the stability that results from placing a transition metal ion in the crystal field generated by a set of ligands. It arises due to the fact that when the d-orbitals are split in a ligand field (as described above), some of them become lower in energy than before with respect to a spherical field known as the barycenter in which all five d-orbitals are degenerate. For example, in an octahedral case, the t2g set becomes lower in energy than the orbitals in the barycenter. As a result of this, if there are any electrons occupying these orbitals, the metal ion is more stable in the ligand field relative to the barycenter by an amount known as the CFSE. Conversely, the eg orbitals (in the octahedral case) are higher in energy than in the barycenter, so putting electrons in these reduces the amount of CFSE. Octahedral crystal field stabilization energyIf the splitting of the d-orbitals in an octahedral field is Άoct, the three t2g orbitals are stabilized relative to the barycenter by 2/5 Άoct, and the eg orbitals are destabilized by 3/5 Άoct. As examples, consider the two d5 configurations shown further up the page. The low-spin (top) example has five electrons in the t2g orbitals, so the total CFSE is 5 x 2/5 Άoct = 2Άoct. In the high-spin (lower) example, the CFSE is (3 x 2/5 Άoct) (2 x 3/5 Άoct) = 0 in this case, the stabilization generated by the electrons in the lower orbitals is canceled out by the destabilizing effect of the electrons in the upper orbitals. Crystal Field stabilization is applicable to transition-metal complexes of all geometries. Indeed, the reason that many d8 complexes are square-planar is the very large amount of crystal field stabilization that this geometry produces with this number of electrons. Explaining the colours of transition metal complexes The bright colours exhibited by many coordination compounds can be explained by Crystal Field Theory. If the d-orbitals of such a complex have been split into two sets as described above, when the molecule absorbs a photon of visible light one or more electrons may momentarily jump from the lower energy d-orbitals to the higher energy ones to transiently create an excited state atom. The difference in energy between the atom in the ground state and in the excited state is equal to the energy of the absorbed photon, and related inversely to the wavelength of the light. Because only certain wavelengths (ÃŽÂ ») of light are absorbed those matching exactly the energy difference the compounds appears the appropriate complementary colour. As explained above, because different ligands generate crystal fields of different strengths, different colours can be seen. For a given metal ion, weaker field ligands create a complex with a smaller Ά, which will absorb light of longer ÃŽÂ » and thus lower frequency ÃŽÂ ½. Conversely, stronger field ligands create a larger Ά, absorb light of shorter ÃŽÂ », and thus higher ÃŽÂ ½. It is, though, rarely the case that the energy of the photon absorbed corresponds exactly to the size of the gap Ά; there are other things (such as electron-electron repulsion and Jahn-Teller effects) that also affect the energy difference between the ground and excited states Crystal field splitting diagrams Crystal field splitting diagrams Octahedral Pentagonal bipyramidal Square antiprismatic Square planar Square pyramidal Tetrahedral Trigonal bipyramidal LIMITATIONS(CFT):- CFT ignores the attractive forces the d-electrons of the metal ion and neuclear charge on the ligand atom. Therefore all the properties are dependent upon the ligand orbitals and their interaction with metal orbitals are not explained. In CFT model partial covalency of metal -ligand bond is not taken into consideration According to CFT metal-ligand bonding is purely electrostatic. In CFT only d-electrons of the metal ion are considered .the other metal orbitals such as s,Px,Py,Pz are taken into considerations. In CFT à Ã¢â€š ¬-orbitals of ligand are not considered The theory cant explain the relative strength of the ligands i.e. it cannot explain that why water is stronger than OH according to spectrochemical series . It does not explain the charge transfer spectra on the intensities of the absorption bands. VALENCE BOND THEORY(VBT) In chemistry, valence bond theory is one of two basic theories, along with molecular orbital theory, that developed to use the methods of quantum mechanics to explain chemical bonding. It focuses on how the atomic orbitals of the dissociated atoms combine on molecular formation to give individual chemical bonds. In contrast, molecular orbital theory has orbitals that cover the whole molecule According to this theory a covalent bond is formed between the two atoms by the overlap of half filled valence atomic orbitals of each atom containing one unpaired electron. A valence bond structure is similar to a Lewis structure, but where a single Lewis structure cannot be written, several valence bond structures are used. Each of these VB structures represents a specific Lewis structure. This combination of valence bond structures is the main point of resonance theory. Valence bond theory considers that the overlapping atomic orbitals of the participating atoms form a chemical bond. Because of the overlapping, it is most probable that electrons should be in the bond region. Valence bond theory views bonds as weakly coupled orbitals (small overlap). Valence bond theory is typically easier to employ in ground state molecules. v The overlapping atomic orbitals can differ. The two types of overlapping orbitals are sigma and pi. Sigma bonds occur when the orbitals of two shared electrons overlap head-to-head. Pi bonds occur when two orbitals overlap when they are parallel. For example, a bond between two s-orbital electrons is a sigma bond, because two spheres are always coaxial. In terms of bond order, single bonds have one sigma bond, double bonds consist of one sigma bond and one pi bond, and triple bonds contain one sigma bond and two pi bonds. However, the atomic orbitals for bonding may be hybrids. Often, the bonding atomic orbitals have a character of several possible types of orbitals. The methods to get an atomic orbital with the proper character for the bonding is called hybridization VB THEORY IN TODAYS DATE:- Valence bond theory now complements Molecular Orbital Theory (MO theory), which does not adhere to the VB idea that electron pairs are localized between two specific atoms in a molecule but that they are distributed in sets of molecular orbitals which can extend over the entire molecule. MO theory can predict magnetic properties in a straightforward manner, while valence bond theory gives similar results but is more complicated. Valence bond theory views aromatic properties of molecules as due to resonance between Kekule, Dewar and possibly ionic structures, while molecular orbital theory views it as delocalization of the à Ã¢â€š ¬-electrons. The underlying mathematics are also more complicated limiting VB treatment to relatively small molecules. On the other hand, VB theory provides a much more accurate picture of the reorganization of electronic charge that takes place when bonds are broken and formed during the course of a chemical reaction. In particular, valence bond theory co rrectly predicts the dissociation of homonuclear diatomic molecules into separate atoms, while simple molecular orbital theory predicts dissociation into a mixture of atoms and ions. More recently, several groups have developed what is often called modern valence bond theory. This replaces the overlapping atomic orbitals by overlapping valence bond orbitals that are expanded over a large number of basis functions, either centered each on one atom to give a classical valence bond picture, or centered on all atoms in the molecule. The resulting energies are more competitive with energies from calculations where electron correlation is introduced based on a Hartree-Fock reference wavefunction. Applications of VB theory An important aspect of the VB theory is the condition of maximum overlap which leads to the formation of the strongest possible bonds. This theory is used to explain the covalent bond formation in many molecules. For Example in the case of F2 molecule the F F bond is formed by the overlap of pz orbitals of the two F atoms each containing an unpaired electron. Since the nature of the overlapping orbitals are different in H2 and F2 molecules, the bond strength and bond lengths differ between H 2 and F2 molecules. In a HF molecule the covalent bond is formed by the overlap of 1s orbital of H and 2pz orbital of F each containing an unpaired electron. Mutual sharing of electrons between H and F results in a covalent bond between HF COMPARISON OF CFT AND VBT Some of the properties of complexes which could not be explained on the basis of valence bond theory are satisfactorily explained by crystal field theory.CFT is thus definitely an improvement over vbt these are the following merits of cft over vbt will prove that statement: CFT predicts a gradual change in magnetic properties of complexes rather than the abrupt change predicted by VBT . In some complexes ,when Ά is very close to P, simple temperature changes may affect the magnetic properties of complexes .Thus the CFT provides theoretical basis for understanding and predicting the variations of magnetic moments with temperature as well as detailed magnetic properties of complexes ,this is just in contrast of VBT which can not predict or explain magnetic behaviour beyond the level of specifying the number of unpaired electrons. Though the assumptions inherent in VBT and CFT are vastly different , the main difference lies in their description of the orbitals not occupied in the low spin states .VBT forbids their use as they are involved in forming hybrid orbitals, while they are involved in forming hybrid orbitals, while CFT strongly discourages their use as they are repelled by the ligands. According to VBT, the bond between the metal and the ligand is covalent,,while according to CFT it is purely ionic. The bond is now considered to have both ionic and covalent charachter .Unlike valence bond theory CFT provides a framework for the ready interpretation of such phenomenon as tretagonal distortions. CFT provides satisfactory explanation for the colour of transition metal complexes , i.e. spectral properties ofcomplexes, i.e. spectral properties of complexes. CFT can semiquantitatevily explain certain thermodynamic and kinetic properties. CFT makes possible a clear understanding of stereochemical properties of complexes. REFRENCES J. H. Van Vleck, Theory of the Variations in Paramagnetic Anisotropy Among Different Salts of the Iron Group, Phys. Rev. 41, 208 215 (1932)[1] Zumdahl, Steven S. Chemical Principles Fifth Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005. 550-551,957-964. 3) Silberberg, Martin S. Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change, Fourth Edition. New York: McGraw Hill Company, 2006. 1028 -1034. 4 )D. F. Shriver and P. W. Atkins Inorganic Chemistry 3rd edition, Oxford University Press, 2001. Pages: 227-236. 5) http://wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm:1104/courses/CFT.html Murrel, J. N.; S. F. Tedder (1985). The Chemical Bond. John Wiley Sons. ISBN 0-471-90759-6 6) I. Hargittai, When Resonance Made Waves, The Chemical Intelligencer 1, 34 (1995)) 7) Shaik, Sason S.; Phillipe C. Hiberty (2008). A Chemists Guide to Valence Bond Theory. New Jersey: Wiley-Interscience. 8)text book of cordination chemistry by dr.R.K. sharma pg 61,62 9)engineering chemistry by A.K.pahari,B.S.chauhan.

Comparing Form and Content of Jabberwocky, The Raven, and Lady of Shalo

Comparing Form and Content of Jabberwocky, The Raven, and Lady of Shalott      Ã‚  Ã‚   In many poems, the use of imagery and sound causes the reader to consider them to be "good" or "bad". Repetition, alliteration, the use of metaphors and images together with rhymes and the text itself work together to create that special feeling or message the poet wants to share. The Romantics believed that poetry should express the poet's feelings or state of mind and should not be worked with or thought through too much, since the original feeling thus would be lost, but in order to share your feelings or ideas to the public, I believe it is important to present them in as good a form as possible.    If the author wants to create something worth reading, I believe he or she has to focus on both form and content of a poem - they are inseparable. Lewis Carroll's "Jabberwocky" is probably one of the most famous poems which really have no content, but still the form (sound and rhymes) are right: "'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves / Did gyre and gimle in the wabe; / All mimsy were the borogoves, / And the mome raths outgrabe" (Fromkin & Rodman, p185). Why anyone would bother to write such a piece is a mystery to me, but perhaps it was to show us that even though the poem looks alright at first glance, it is not possible to make "good" poetry out of nonsense.    In "The Lady of Shalott", the name of the lady is repeated at the end of the stanzas, creating a kind of soothing and calming nursery rhyme like effect. The imagery used in the poem is vivid and shows us the world outside the lady's tower: "On either side the river lie / Long fields of barley and of rye / --- / To many-towered Camelot; / And up and down the people go" (Tenn... ...portant, I believe that the most important in a poem must be its content - the message or feeling of what the poet wants to share - and not how. An example of the opposite can be seen in Carroll's "Jabberwocky", and that cannot be labelled as great poetry, can it?    Works Cited Fromkin, Victoria & Rodman, Robert. An Introduction to Language, 6th edition. Orlando, Florida: Harcourt Brace, 1998 Poe, Edgar Allan. "The Raven". The Norton Anthology of American Literature, Shorter Fifth Edition. Ed. Nina Baym. New York, N.Y.: Norton & Company, 1999. 701-704 Poe, Edgar Allan. "The Philosophy of Composition", 1850. http://www.poedecoder.com/Qrisse/works/philosophy.html (online) Lord Tennyson, Alfred. "The Lady of Shalott". The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Sixth Edition, The Major Authors. New York, N.Y.: Norton & Company, 1996. 1883-1887

Mintzberg’s 10 Managerial Roles Essay

This chart summarizes a manager’s ten roles: | | |Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles | | | | | | |Category |Role |Activity |Examples | | | | | | |Informational |Monitor |Seek and acquire work-related |Scan/read trade press,   periodicals, | | | |information |reports; attend seminars and | | | | |training; maintain personal contacts | |   | | | | | |Disseminator |Communicate/ disseminate information |Send memos and reports; inform staffers and | | | |to others within the organization |subordinates of decisions | |   | | | | | |Spokesperson |Communicate/transmit information to |Pass on memos, reports and informational | | | |outsiders |materials; participate in | | | | |conferences/meetings and report progress | |   |   |   |   | | | | | | |Interpersonal |Figurehead |Perform social and legal duties, act |Greet visitors, sign legal documents, attend| | | |as symbolic leader |ribbon cutting ceremonies, | | | | |host receptions, etc. | |   | | | | | |Leader |Direct and motivate subordinates, |Includes almost all interactions with | | | |select and train employees |subordinates | |   | | | | | |Liaison |Establish and maintain contacts within|Business correspondence, participation in | | | |and outside the organization |meetings with representatives | | | | |of other divisions or organizations.   | |   |   |   |   | | | | | | |Decisional |Entrepreneur |Identify new ideas and initiate |Implement innovations; Plan for the future | | | |improvement projects | | |   | | | | | |Disturbance Handler |Deals with disputes or problems and |Settle conflicts between subordinates; | | | |takes corrective action |Choose strategic alternatives; | | | | |  Overcome crisis situations | |   | | | | | |Resource Allocator |Decide where to apply resources |Draft and approve of plans, schedules, | | | | |budgets; Set priorities | |   | | | | | |Negotiator |Defends business interests |Participates in and directs negotiations | | | | |within team, department, and organization | In the real world, these roles overlap and a manager must learn to balance them in order to manage effectively. While a manager’s work can be analyzed by these individual roles, in practice they are intermixed and interdependent. According to Mintzberg: â€Å"The manager who only communicates or only conceives never gets anything done, while the manager who only ‘does’ ends up doing it all alone.†

Women S Roles In World War One

These women worked primarily with gunshot wounds and gas victims. The Fad's would have to keep wounds clean, distribute painkillers, and inject these painkillers into men's wounds. The Fanny however had a much more undesirable job. Fanny's would have to clean and disinfect rooms that housed wounded soldiers. â€Å"Some of these volunteers even recalled having to get rid of bodies from the hospital. † (www. Sachem. Du/Erlenmeyer) Not only did these women have to clean the soldier's wounds, but on occasion had to clean the soldiers themselves. Although volunteering as a FANNY seemed unlikable, the women were happy to help aid the grateful soldiers.Other jobs that women did included land work. One group of women were The Women's Land Army. The Women's Land Army worked to bring in the harvest and maintain the farms. Anything that could be done by hand by the WALLA was done by hand in order to save fuel. Since the need for WALLA workers was so high, recruiting officers never thorou ghly checked women's ages. Girls at the age of only 14 were accepted after lying that they were 18. Although the job was tough, â€Å"women were only paid 18 shillings a week. 12 of these shillings would be devoted to food and board, leaving only 6 shillings for women to spend for themselves.Considering a pair of pantyhose cost 3 shillings, they did not have much. † (www. Sachem. Du/Erlenmeyer) Not only did women take over jobs to help the war effort, but they also went out and â€Å"contained† for the U. S. Soldiers. â€Å"They would provide entertainment, hand out food, cigarettes, and sweets, and sewed buttons back on uniforms. † (WV. Www. Warranted. Com/ hoosegow) Women would sing and dance for the soldiers to keep their spirits up. But not only did they sing and dance, but also gave lectures and read poetry. The soldiers would look forward to seeing the women perform for them.It would give them hope even when things were going wrong. A soldier described Sar ah Wailer's performance saying â€Å"I shall never forget as long as I live the blessed white dress she had on the night she recited to us. We had not seen a white dress in years. There we were all ready to go into the line, and there she was talking to us like a girl from home. It sure was a great sight, you bet. † (War And Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa) In order to raise awareness for the war and show their support, women began campaigns to help the war effort. One campaign in particular was the White Feather Campaign.In this campaign, women would go around and hand out a white feather to any healthy looking man, trying to shame him for being a coward. At that time a white feather was a symbol Of unfulfilled civic duty and receiving a white feather showed the women's disappointment in that man for not going to serve his country. The point of this campaign was to shame men into going to fight. Although in many cases it proved successful, women soon stopped the White Feather Campaign because people spoke out against it. After World War One women were looked at differently. Men realized that they could actually work and take responsibility.

Asclepius, God of Healing in Greek Roman Mythology

Asclepius, God of Healing in Greek Roman Mythology While the healing god Asclepius is not a major player in Greek mythology, he is a pivotal one. Counted as one of the Argonauts, Asclepius came into contact with many of the major Greek heroes. Asclepius was also a causal figure in a drama played out between Apollo, Death, Zeus, the Cyclops, and Hercules. This story comes to us through Euripides tragedy, Alcestis. The Parents of Asclepius Apollo (the brother of the virginal goddess Artemis) was no more chaste than any of the other (male) gods. His lovers and would-be lovers included Marpessa, Coronis, Daphne (one who got away by having herself transformed into a tree), Arsinoe, Cassandra (who paid for her scorn with the gift of prophecy no one believed), Cyrene, Melia, Eudne, Thero, Psamathe, Philonis, Chrysothemis, Hyacinthos, and Cyparissos. As a result of their union with Apollo, most of the women produced sons. One of these sons was Asclepius. The mother is debated. She may have been Coronis or Arsinoe, but whoever the mother was, she didnt live long enough to give birth to her healing god son. The Creation of Asclepius Apollo was a jealous god who was mightily displeased when a crow revealed that his lover was to marry a mortal, so he punished the messenger by changing the color of the formerly white bird to the now more familiar black. Apollo also punished his lover by burning her, although some say it was Artemis who actually disposed of the faithless Coronis (or Arsinoe). Before Coronis was completely incinerated, Apollo rescued the unborn infant from the flames. A similar event occurred when Zeus rescued the unborn Dionysus from Semele and sewed up the fetus in his thigh. Asclepius may have been born in Epidauros (Epidaurus) of acoustically perfect theater fame [Stephen Bertman: The Genesis of Science]. Asclepius Upbringing - The Centaur Connection The poor, newborn Asclepius needed someone to bring him up, so Apollo thought of the wise centaur Chiron (Cheiron) who seems to have been around forever or at least since the time of Apollos father, Zeus. Chiron roamed the countryside of Crete while the king of the gods was growing up, hiding from his own father. Chiron trained several of the great Greek heroes (Achilles, Actaeon, Aristaeus, Jason, Medus, Patroclus, and Peleus) and willingly undertook the education of Asclepius. Apollo was also a god of healing, but it wasnt he, but Chiron who taught the gods son Asclepius the healing arts. Athena also helped. She gave Asclepius the precious blood of the Gorgon Medusa. The Story of Alcestis The blood of the Gorgon, which Athena gave Asclepius, came from two very different veins. The blood from the right side could heal mankind even from death, while the blood from the left vein could kill, as Chiron would ultimately experience first-hand. Asclepius matured into a capable healer, but after he brought mortals back to life Capaneus and Lycurgus (killed during the war of the Seven Against Thebes), and Hippolytus, son of Theseus a worried Zeus slew Asclepius with a thunderbolt. Apollo was enraged, but getting mad at the king of the gods was futile, so he took out his anger on the creators of the thunderbolts, the Cyclops. Zeus, enraged in his turn, was prepared to hurl Apollo to Tartarus, but another god intervened possibly Apollos mother, Leto. Zeus commuted his sons sentence to a years term as herdsman to a human, King Admetus. During his term in mortal servitude, Apollo grew fond of Admetus, a man doomed to die young. Since there was no longer an Asclepius with his Medusa-potion to resurrect the king, Admetus would be gone forever when he died. As a favor, Apollo negotiated a way for Admetus to avoid Death. If someone would die for Admetus, Death would let him go. The only person willing to make such a sacrifice was Admetus beloved wife, Alcestis. On the day Alcestis was substituted for Admetus and given to Death, Hercules arrived at the palace. He wondered about the display of mourning. Admetus tried to convince him nothing was wrong, but the servants, who missed their mistress, revealed the truth. Hercules set off for the Underworld to arrange for Alcestis return to life.​ The Offspring of Asclepius Asclepius hadnt been killed immediately after leaving the centaurs school. He had had time to engage in various heroic endeavors, including fathering his share of children. His progeny would and did carry on the healing arts. Sons Machaon and Podalirius led 30 Greek ships to Troy from the city of Eurytos. It is unclear which of the two brothers healed Philoctetes during the Trojan War. Asclepius daughter is Hygeia (connected with our word hygiene), goddess of health.​​ Other children of Asclepius are  Janiscus, Alexenor, Aratus, Hygieia, Aegle, Iaso, and Panaceia. The Name of Asclepius You may find the name of Asclepius spelled Asculapius or Aesculapius (in Latin) and Asklepios (also, in Greek). Shrines of Asclepius The best known of the roughly 200 Greek shrines and temples of Asclepius were at Epidaurus, Cos, and Pergamum. These were places of healing with sanatoria, dream therapy, snakes, regimes of diet and exercise, and baths. The name of such a shrine to Asclepius is asclepieion/asklepieion (pl. asclepieia). Hippocrates is thought to have studied at Cos and Galen at Pergamum. Sources Homer: Iliad 4.193-94 and 218-19Homeric Hymn to AsclepiusSearch Perseus for Apollodorus 3.10Pausanias 1.23.4, 2.10.2, 2.29.1, 4.3.1.

Governments Web Portal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Governments Web Portal - Essay Example Still, there remains the uncomfortable parallel to automated phone systems, which all too often will provide one with every option but the necessary connection. How does the federal website compare to these and other comparable information sites Well to view the federal government's claims, one need only click onto the About Us connection. This link opens to a long list of self-promotions, beginning with a statement of the site's policy, or "vision", which is described as a "catalyst for a growing electronic government." while boasting more connections to government sites than any commercial sites on the internet. This is certainly a comforting thought: the government has enough control of its own accessibility that there are certain safeguards to prevent inappropriate meddling. The site is proclaimed to be owned by the citizens of the United States, much like the ideals behind our federal government, which can be taken in either a patriotic or cynical manner, depending on one's personal inclination. More plausible is the logic behind the site's implied development as a response to the events of September 11th, 2001: a PR campaign to portray the government as acting quickly to improve security. This lends an aura of paranoia to the site, as though George Orwell's Big Brother is looming over the average citizen's shoul der as they peruse the electronic pages To see other ways in which the government reacts, one can click the America Responds to Terrorism link. Here is a listing of related sites, such as 9/11 commemoration events, how to protect yourself , personnel locators, travel safety, humanitarian organizations and information about Iraq. To "Protect yourself", one should have a clear idea of what to ask, as the link itself leads to a long list of the last five years of headlines, from mail handling of biological threats to disaster preparedness and learning more about terrorism. The bio-threat anthrax scare is mentioned - regulations are hinted at as hiding in the library - but nothing is mentioned about the CDC having to limit its reactions to these scares. Too many false attacks were proving too expensive. On the other hand, the "Ready yourself" for emergency link connects you directly to the office of Homeland Security, who very sensibly lists warning signs of exposure to chemical threats although if animals were really dying a ll around someone, what realistic chances are still available to them Identifying the contaminated area and removing oneself or finding a "safe-area" is just good common sense, and, although it might sound callous, probably a part of Darwinism in action. The duct-taped garbage bags over windows are not mentioned, possibly as too close a reminder to the "duck and cover" sagacity of the Cuban Missile Crisis, yet if the most obvious suggestions are being mentioned, shouldn't such items still be listed somewhere Although perhaps some consideration is due here. In event of an actual pressing emergency, few people would take the time to access this website, relying

Contract Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Contract Law - Coursework Example The two situations involve contracts that are governed by observance of There are therefore various legal principles that will govern the two situations to have involved formation of binding contracts. A contract is defined as an agreement made between two or more parties that is legally binding. Parties to a contract usually expect a win-win situation where they can both benefit from the contract. However the there is usually no certainty for both parties to attain this situation.2 One party may end up having a legal liability towards the other party. Any contract made whether in an attorney’s office or just written by the involved parties is valid and binding provided that the legal principles involved are understandable to both parties. The contract becomes valid on the acceptance of an offer, provided it is in compliance with the laws of the state. The first principle is the legal capacity which for many states the parties are expected to have attained the majority age of 18 years. The parties are as well expected to be in their sound mental capacity to understand the terms of the contract and consequences for non performance.3 The party representing a business organization is in a position to sign the contract thus binding the business to the contract.4 The second principle is the offer and acceptance. A contract comes to existence upon acceptance of the offer. A person may reject an offer and opt for a counter offer if they fail to agree to the terms allowed. Once accepted, offer can be revoked at any time. A contract is therefore formed on acceptance of offer or counteroffer by both parties. The third principle in formation of a legal contract is the exchange of value or consideration. This is the payment made for the performance of the contract. Consideration may be anything valuable for instance cash or goods and services. Where the consideration made is not stated